jwengAPWHP2 - The Rise of Russia

Peter the Great - man who favors using to military to solve problems

Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization

the dutchy of Moscow was the center for the liberation effort
local princes created a great autonomy but were not allow to have it anymore
increase on regional rule
mongol clothing style and social habit adapted
decrease in intellectual life and economy
mongols taxes used in Russia
forcing Russia to trade with Bristish merchants

Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans.
goal: to push mongols out

peasants were use to migrate to newly seized land to settle and create life there
Cossack - Russian pioneer who had agricultural and military skill => settling in new land
land spread into Western Siberia and across Ural
Russia expansion push Ottoman Empire to the South => pushing away anymore outside nation that has conquered before

Leader Analysis Sheet

Name of Leader: Peter I / Peter the Great
Lifespan 9 June 1672 - 8 February 1725	Title: Tsar of Russia
Country/region: Russia	Years in Power 7 May 1682–8 February 1725
Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power Russia was being ruled by the family of the Romanov dynasty where Peter was the son of Alexis Romanov Russia was still expanding and developing again after the Mongol control Areas of Russia was ruled through local Kings political and social structure and still developing peasants were used to migrate into new lands to benefit expansion => basically endorse the upper class with estates
Ideology, Motivation, Goals: adjust Russia's way to copy the way people in Europe work; aim to change idea of Westernization with his visits in Europe; making Russia completely Western better military and ruling expanding land cultural change (goes back to westernization) to be look through the eyes of the West and not “vulgar” “thirst for change” landlord reforms Making Russia not to look like this vulgar country; top of world
Significant Actions & events During Term of Power move provincial governors to St. Petersburg changed laws and tax system gave upper class women more freedom; European Idea old traditions were changed to fit more into Europe's ideals economy level was increase with intro of trade and trading ports noble titles to beuracratic leaders alter military training traveled to Europe to make changes for Russia St Petersburg as the capital of Russia ; closer to the west made nobles shave their beards, autocracy Economy is indepent, government sponsers; geared them on military
Short-Term effects: military organization tsarist control - Autocracy Welcoming foriegners Laws that has to go through Peter the great reduce Sweden to second cut Russia from tradition *	Long-Term Effects Ballet People speak Russian and French large commercial class Education with the increase of schools of math and science secret police - spies to prevent beauracracy foriegn policies eliminated old nobles and new set of advisers

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/peter_the_great2.htm
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/peter_the_great3.htm
Russia vs Europe / Change in Continuality

Russia is land based; traveled east into Siberia ; Europe is sea based
when russia moved east, had a lower impact compared to Western Europe
both military superiorty
limted economic dominances
russian expandsion was state sponsered vs private sponsers - concisidors
both of these regions lead to a concieve labor system
both expanded because of the inbitions from their leaders

Leader Analysis Sheet

Name of Leader: Catherine II / Catherine the great
Lifespan 2 May 1729 - 17 November 1796	Title: Autocrat and Empress
Country/region: Russia	Years in Power 9 July 1762 - 17 November 1796
Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power tsardom was weakening from the change to Westernization Russian expansion created problems with the Ottoman Empire Peter the great create a better economic and military power Peter III ruled only for 6 months, was retarded and died weak rulers, church officers were eager to gain power economy relied to much on serfs
Ideology, Motivation, Goals: at first she was trying to dethrone her husband Peter III improving the Russian court to help and dethrone her husband Enlightenment ideals reforms for arts and science inspired by the Enlightenment defend central monarchy westernizer - make russia more modern
Significant Actions & events During Term of Power Pugachev rebellion: a peasant uprising that she put down so she could use it to extend powers of the central government for regional interactions gave power to nobility over their serfs trade between serfs were growing nobles became stronger / central government – beureaucrats and officers the power of nobles over serfs became more harsh and cruel improve architecture in St. Petersburg by inspirations from the West continue to expand land around the Black sea and central Asia parition of Poland gave Russia the ability to win land in Austria and Prussia banned political writings explorers went into north coast
Short-Term effects: encouragement of the arts power of nobility harshness of punishment french revolution closing doors to Europe	Long-Term Effects strong central state new ideas to culture and economy land expansion Russia's independence division of Poland

Serfdom: The Life of East Europe's Masses
MI: When the Russian country was developing once again from the Mongol conquest, the rights of the serfs constantly decreased.

Serfs were once free farms and given legal positions however many peasants went into debt and was force to be controlled by noble land owners
Serfdom gave the government a way to have the economy moving for the nobles
By 1800 at least have the Russia's peasants were completely enserfed – with laws and acts pass serfs power and legal rights decrease and was basically born into serfdom
serfs became property where peasants could be sold, gambled away, and punished
serfs were mainly the people who work on agricultural tabors where it was used as trade
process of manufacturing labor was highly encourage yet serfs had to pay taxes
law of 1785 gave landlords the ability to punish serfs who participate in rebellion

Trade and Economic Dependence
MI: In Russia cities were usually small and most of the popular was rural, with people living in the country side.

Government growth encourage bureaucrats and professionals along with merchant groups
even though the cities were small, it produced enough money for expanding state and empire – traded fur
with expansion population grew to 36 million
agricultural methods did not advance and always continue with the increase of growth

Social Unrest
MI: With the growing nation continue, peasants were constantly uprising from the harsh treatments.

Rebellions consists of destruction of manorial records, seizing and, and killing landlords
Pugachev rebellion was led by sack chieftain who claimed himself to be a tsar and promised the people that serfdom, taxation, and military ways would change
Catherine the great however put an end to Pugachev rebellion

Russia and Eastern Europe
MI: Russia had land in Eastern Europe were cultural exchange were taking place with the Polish.

Polish scientist Copernicious was part of Scientist Revolution where he discover that the planets move around the sun
Hungary became free from the Ottomans and the area began expanding into Polish land
decline of Poland: economic and political setbacks with electing a bad king and any reform efforts were veto

Compare labor system that emerged in Russia and the spanish coloines in the americas 1400 - 1800
1 thesis
1 sim
1 diff